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This book contains a review of forty “landmark” decisions issued by the European Court in Intellectual Property law between 2019 and 2024. As each decision originates from a dispute before a Member State court, the European Court’s rulings have, as far as possible, been summarised and analysed by authors who are familiar with the relevant national jurisdiction.

This book explores possible ethical justifications for a moral duty for judges to enhance their cognition and examines how this duty sits within the existing legal framework on judicial liability, professional duties, and human rights.